Health policies in Indonesia require evidence-based health data starting from planning to evaluation. This has been implemented by the Ministry of Health, one of which is by conducting the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) in 2023 which is a combination of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) and the Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI).
SKI 2023 has been completed and the data produced can be utilized. In the thematic SKI report, SKI data is grouped into seven themes, namely Maternal and Child Health, Toddler Nutritional Status (Stunting and its Determinants), Access to Health Service Facilities and National Health Insurance (JKN), Non-Communicable Diseases and their Risk Factors, Adolescent Mental Health, Dental and Oral Health, and Use of Oral Antibiotics. More comprehensive data is presented in the SKI report in figures.
Maternal and Child Health is one of the focuses of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Ministry of Health's policy for pregnant women is to receive at least six antenatal services. SKI 2023 shows that 6 out of 10 pregnant women have received quality integrated antenatal services. Mothers giving birth assisted by health workers are very good, namely 96,1%, and 90% have been done in health facilities. However, in infants, there are still 23,6% of babies with low birth weight who do not receive special care.
Next is the finding of stunting, which is one of the priority programs in the health sector. It is known that there has been a decreasing trend in stunting in the last 10 years. However, the prevalence of stunting rates at the provincial level varies.
In another priority health program, namely the National Health Insurance (JKN), SKI 2023 found that 27,8% of the Indonesian population did not have health insurance. This figure is almost the same as the Susenas findings in the same year, which was 27,6%. Related to this is the unequal access to health services. There is still a gap between the Contribution Assistance Recipient (PBI) group and the group without health insurance in accessing health services. In the past year, 44,1% of PBI households followed by 35,9% of households without health insurance did not access health services.
In non-communicable diseases, hypertension and diabetes are of particular concern due to their high prevalence and their role as major risk factors for heart and blood vessel disease. When compared to the results of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), the 2023 SKI showed a decrease in the prevalence of hypertension, both based on doctor's diagnosis and blood pressure measurements. In contrast, the trend of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the population aged ≥15 years based on doctor's diagnosis increased (from 2,0% to 2,2%), as well as for DM in the population of all ages (from 1,5% to 1,7%).
In relation to mental health, SKI 2023 carries out an assessment of depressive disorders using instruments. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The high proportion of depression in the youth group, namely the population aged 2023-15 years at the time of the 24 SKI, requires attention. As many as 61% of young people experience depression and in the last 1 month have thought about ending their lives.
On the theme of dental and oral health, dental and oral health problems in the population aged ≥ 3 years were 56,9%. And only 11,2% sought medical treatment to overcome the problem. This needs serious attention because there has been no significant change in the last 5 years when compared to the results of the 2018 Riskesdas.
Meanwhile, the use of oral antibiotics by the Indonesian population reached 22,1%. As many as 41% of them obtained antibiotics without a prescription. SKI 2023 also found that more than 60% of the community obtained drugs without a prescription at licensed pharmacies or drug stores. SKI 2023 and Riskesdas 2018 data use the same method so that the resulting data can be compared. This allows us to determine the increasing or decreasing trends in certain health problems. Like Riskesdas 2018, SKI 2023 also represents data down to the district/city level. Completed, SKI 2023 involved 586.000 households, 11.552 enumerators, 3.000 dental and oral therapists, and 7.500 health workers at the Community Health Center.
