ABSTRACT It is estimated that there are 40-50 million people with diabetes (called as diabetics) worldwide fasting during Ramadhan every year. A large epidemiological study, EPIDIAR (Epidemiology of Diabetes and Ramadhan) conducted in 13 Islamic countries on 12,243 diabetic individuals who fasted during Ramadhan showed 43% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 79% of patients with ty…
ABSTRACT: Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is a target-organ complication of hypertension with incidence range of 17-24%. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, there are assumptions on role of genetic factors and failure of glomerular autoregulation mechanism. There are several clinical guidance on its diagnostic and management; the exact diagnosis needs renal biopsy. The main target is to k…