Typhoid fever is a common cause of fever, worldwide distribution, most prevalent throughout the tropic, especially in places with the poor sanitaryconditions. It was estimated that the global annual incidence of typhoid fever is 33 million cases with 1.5 million deaths. In Indonesia, the incidence of typhoid fever is estimated 350 to 810 cases per 100,00 population and the fatality is estimated…
Exacerbation, mostly of an infectious etiology, are frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD patient. The rle o bacterial patern in sputum of patients wirh acute bacterial exacerbations of COPD, the possible relation between functional respiratory impairment (measured by FEV1) and isolation of diverse pahogens in the sputum and to determine the role of Echinacea purpurea in bacterilogi…