We reviewed clinical and laboratory findings of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) to detect the presence of vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) or reflux nephropathy (RN). Only patients with evidence of more than 12 bouts of UTTs treated at the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital During the period from October 1, 1992 to September 30, 1993 were studed. There we…
Generally, Salmonella has parasytic characteristic for human and animal. It was identified as the most pathogenic microbe among enterobacteriaceae. Based biology nomenclature, 2,252 serovar have been derived from monospecies of Salmonella enterica. In developing country including Indonesia, typhoid fever causing more than 100 death/100,000 population/year, this number even higher for non-typhoi…