Male hypogonadism has a multifactorial etiology that icludes genetic conditions, anatomic abnormalities, infection, tumor, and injury. Tumors of the pituitary cause hypogonalism by by either mass effect or distruction of gonadotropes or by hormonal production, which inhibits the GnRH pulse generator. The nanifests of hypogonadism are testisterone deficiency, infertility, or both. Signs and symp…
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) technique is gaining increasing population in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions because it offter some advantages such as, easy, with minimal complications, but its a pplikability in diagnosis of bone tumors however has some limitations. This research was aimed to explore the roles of FNAB and its accuracy as the preoperative diagnostic method compa…
Transketolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of aldose and ketose sugars in the pentose phosphate pathway. Up to now have been successfully identified three types of transketolase genes (TKT, TKTL 1, and TKTL 2) and a mutation (an iternal deletion) of transketolase-like gene 1 (TKTL 1). Mutations of the the TKTL1 gene will cause the loss of number of amino acid residues on the enc…