Retinoid is a common name for natural or synthetic vitamin A with or without a biologic activity of retinol. During the past several years it was reported that retinoid can prevent or inhibit the malignant growth of tumor cells. Although not completely known, it was also reported that retinoid can reverse the effets of carcinogens in vivo. It was thought that its inhibitive effects on tumor cel…
During 5 decades of the Indonesians freedom life we can see the positive changes of early cancer detection program and its therapeutical management. Searching for invasive cancer was done at the beginning, but the pattern has been changed to early detection as we can see now. So the management also has been changed from radiation and radical operation for intensive cancers to management of the …
Cancer has become a major problem in health situation nowadays. As high as 70 percent to 90 percent of cancer patients, especially ones already in advanced state, have pain as their major symptom. Pain in cancer patients is caused by cancer invasion and metastasis, side effect of cancer therapy, or by other aethiologies. The use of non-opioid, opioid analgesics and adjuvants in cancer pain mana…
Great progress in molecular biology and medicine has made it possible to develop a novel, more selective chemotherapy based on signal-transduction principles. Signal-transduction pathways are identified by the cell as a device for the control of metabolism and proliferation. The transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell is a complex multistep process. It is clear that hyperproliferation …