The avian influenza (AI) H5N1 viruses have caused nearly 600 fatal cases in the world since 2003. The H5N1 AI virus is still circulating in wild birds and domestic. One of the known of AI virus pathogenicity is the ability of the nonstructural protein (NS1 and NS2) to induce cytokine storm. Mutations of the NS1 and NS2 proteins may aggravate infections. Genetic sequences of NS gene that enco…
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Hantavirus lives and reproduces in the body of rodents. Rattus norvegicuswas one found in the Kepulauan Seribu islands of Indonesia. Hantavirus species Seoul virus (SEOV) is a negative single chain RNA viruses included in the family Bunyaviridae. It has a few specific genes, especially genes S that can be developed for a diagnostic test. The aim of this study was to ascertain the character of g…
Banjarnegara district is a new endemic dengue area which reported increased of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) incidence rate 29.38/100.000 population in 2009 to 47.71/100.000 population in 2010. The objective of this study was to determine the vector of DHF, to describe the distribution of DHF vectors in urban and rural area, to describe the biological environment and distribution of DHF vecto…