Preventive measurement for Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) should be based on the etiologic aspects. Genetic factors account for 8 percent the cases, while primary environmental for only 2 percent and 90 percent pf the cases are caused by genetic-environmental interaction (multifactorial inheritance) Primary environmental factors could be reduced by vaccination of girls against Rubella and by av…
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease are still important community health problem in developing countries. The aim of this diagnostic test was to determine the diagnostic role of plain chest roentgenogram in patients with rheumatic mitral valvular disease. Subjects were patients with rheumatic mitral disease without other vular lesions, congenital heart disease, or anemia, who visited th…
Heart puncture wounds are almost always fatal as these wounds lead to massive hemorrhage, dysrythmia, and tamponade or submerges the heart. Management of anesthesia of these cases consist of the standard cardiopulmonary resuciation, the maintenance of airway, adequate ventilation, and circulation by ensuring adequate fluids. Premedications is not always needed as intubation has usually been per…
A study to see the presence of endocervical cells on Pap test has been done in order to evaluate the ability in collecting the endocervical materials using the Szalay spatula compare to combined Cytobrush-Ayres spatula and its relationship to appearance of the transformation zone. This prospective study was held in authors private colposcopy clinic on 205 patients for ever two years. Statistic …
Objective: To identify the adequancy of Pap test examination by means of spatula Lonstenn. Design: The evaluation of correlation between the examinations of the new instrument Pap Test (spatula Lonstenn) and standard Pap Test (combination of spatula Ayre and Cytobrush). Setting: Calposcopy Polyclinic, Deparment of Obstetric and Gynecology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. Patie…