Pro-inflammatory cytokine like Tumour Necrosis Factor-α expression induces activation of Hypoxia Inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). This study was done to see the influence of the treatment of Pseudomonas sp. Intraureter on TNF-RI regulation and expression of HIF-1a on epithelial cells of rabbit kidney which treated with Pseudomonas sp. Intraureter. This experimental study used rabbits as samples wh…