Background: Down syndrome is an easily recognired congenital disease anomaly, a common autosomal chromosomal anomaly with high prevalence of malocclusion. Orthodontic treatment demand should be high but it seems difficult to be done because of specific condition of disability. Purpose: The purpose ofthis literature review was to discribe the orthodontic problems found in Down syndrome patient…
Maternal age is the main known risk factor of Down syndrome. Recently some researchershave suggested that there may be certain environmental factors that increase the risk of thecondition. This study aimed to estimate the association of Down syndrome and maternal age ilecontrolling for maternal education, family income and environmental factors. This study was analytic-…
Chromosomal abnormalities is a leading cause of mental retardation. The most common genetic cause of mental retardation is trisomy 21, followed by fragile-X syndrome which is inherited i.e passed on from generation to generation. Chromosomal disorders in mentally retarded children have not been studied in Indonesia. This paper reports a survey of chromosomal abnormalities in mentally retarded c…