A Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt decrease of renal function which marked by increase of serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL or ≥1.5 times of previous level or decrease urine output 6 hours. Sepsis is the most common cause of AKI with incidence rate is about 20–50% and mortality nearly 70%. Urine neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) level in AKI patients can increase quickly an…
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the one of major health problems in the world. Related to decreasing kidney function in CKD, the complications are emerged. One of complication is bone mineral disorders. Bone mineral disoders in chronic kidney disease are the broad clinical syndrome of diseases that manifestated by systemic bone mineral disoders due to chronic kidney disease. These syndrome were…
During 5 years period (1988-1992) 24.535 children were hospitalized at the pediatric wards of the Soetomo Hospital Surabaya where 1,076 (4.39 percent) of them suffered from . There were 597 (55.48 percent) boys and 479 (44.52 percent) girls, where the age ranged from 6 months to 15 years old. The spectrum of the disease was urinary tract infection (54.09 percent) nephrotic syndrome (18.68 perce…