Cancer has become a major problem in health situation nowadays. As high as 70 percent to 90 percent of cancer patients, especially ones already in advanced state, have pain as their major symptom. Pain in cancer patients is caused by cancer invasion and metastasis, side effect of cancer therapy, or by other aethiologies. The use of non-opioid, opioid analgesics and adjuvants in cancer pain mana…
Labor pain has psychological effect and influences the delivery process and the newborn baby. Adequate use of analgesic are very important in modern obstetrics. This research was conducted as a randomized clinical trial to compare effect of tramadol and placebo for pain relief in labor. There are sixty eligible samples divided into two groups (each thirty patients), respectively case and contro…